Split brain syndrome occurs when the Oracle RAC nodes are unable to communicate with each other via private interconnect, but the communication between client and RAC node is maintained. This can cause data Integrity issues when the same block is read or updated by two nodes and changes done from one node are overwritten by the other node because the block being changed is not locked.
When a node fails, the failed node is prevented from accessing all the shared disk devices and groups. This methodology is called I/O Fencing, Disk Fencing or Failure Fencing.
The node which first detects that one of the node is not accessible will evict that node from the RAC cluster group.This problem is solved by configuring the heartbeat connections through the same communication channels that are used to access the clients.
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